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Prof. Benitez: Research using the Cañada College Archives

ENGL 100

What are Primary Sources?

Examples of primary sources:

Video Thumbnail: Primary & Secondary Research
 

A primary source is an original document (film, photograph, object, etc.) created during the period they document. They may be a first-hand account of an event created during the time period being studied, or at a later date by a participant in the events being studied.

  • Autobiographies and memoirs
  • College catalogs and schedules
  • Diaries, personal letters, and correspondence
  • Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork
  • Internet communications on email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups
  • Photographs, drawings, and posters
  • Works of art and literature
  • Books, magazine and newspaper articles and ads published at the time
  • Public opinion polls
  • Speeches and oral histories
  • Original documents (birth certificates, property deeds, trial transcripts)
  • Research data, such as census statistics or college enrollment data
  • Official and unofficial records of organizations and government agencies (including colleges)
  • Artifacts of all kinds, such as tools, coins, clothing, furniture, etc.
  • Audio recordings, DVDs, and video recordings
  • Government documents (reports, bills, proclamations, hearings, etc.)
  • Patents
  • Technical reports
  • Scientific journal articles reporting experimental research results

Secondary

Examples of secondary sources

Secondary sources offer an analysis, interpretation or a restatement of primary sources and are considered to be persuasive. They often involve generalization, synthesis, interpretation, commentary or evaluation in an attempt to convince the reader of the creator's argument. They often attempt to describe or explain primary sources.

Examples of secondary sources include:

  • journal articles that comment on or analyze research
  • textbooks
  • dictionaries and encyclopedias
  • books that interpret, analyze
  • political commentary
  • biographies
  • dissertations
  • newspaper editorial/opinion pieces
  • newspaper articles that analyze historical events, trends or thinking
  • criticism of literature, art works or music